What are the Major mistakes of off grid system and How to avoid , Mistake - 02
The topic are made in 2 title basic and mistakes
Charge controller Basic
1) Selection of Charge
controller:
What is a Charge
Controller?
A charge controller is
a device controlling the charge by properly managing the current and the
battery voltage. Charge controllers protect the battery and ensure the
Photovoltaic System Efficiency to deliver longer life.
Solar charge controllers are rated according to the maximum input voltage (V) and maximum charge current (A). These two ratings determine how many solar panels can be attached, as explained in the section below ‘Sizing a solar charge controller’.
The Major mistakes below the last page
2) Where it is used?
i) The charge controller is used for charge the batteries. they adjust the input power from the solar panels to ensure the maximum possible power output. If the voltage being generated by a panel is less than the voltage coming from other panels, the MPPT controller will reduce the current coming from that panel so the voltage output is raised. A panels’ voltage output is reduced when that panel is partially shaded.
ii) In a grid tied system, there's no need for charge controllers or batteries. As such, grid tie inverters connect directly to the main grid, and convert the DC power directly from a PV array or wind turbine to AC power that will help supply the grid and lower your energy use from it. Like MPPT controllers, grid tie inverters will accept a high input voltage (sometimes up to 500 VDC), and step it down (or up) to 120 V - 240 VAC to match the grid. .
iii) Some inverters are hybrids, meaning they can supply power to the grid as well as connect to a battery bank for back up power in case the grid goes down, effectively serving as an uninterrupted power supply (UPS). Others, called inverter/chargers, draw power from a battery bank for off grid power, but can connect to the grid (if available) to charge the battery bank in case the PV array or wind turbine goes down.
iv) Solar Off grid inverter : A solar inverter or PV inverter, is a type of electrical converter which converts the variable direct current (DC) output of a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel into a utility frequency alternating current (AC) that can be fed into a commercial electrical grid or used by a local, off-grid electrical network.
v) Solar Management Unit (SMU): can convert your simple Inverter into Solar Inverter. SMU ensures priority usage of Solar Power to reduce Grid consumption. . The system can work as a domestic inverter and a solar inverter automatically or manually through a switch except in night condition
vi) Solar Power Conditioning
unit (PCU) is an integrated system consisting of a solar charge controller,
inverter and a Grid charger. It provides the facility to charge the battery
bank through either a Solar or Grid/DG set. The PCU continuously monitors the state
of battery voltage, solar power output and the load. Due to constant usage of
power, if the battery voltage goes below a set level, the PCU will
automatically transfer the load to the Grid/DG power and also charge
simultaneously.The PCU always gives preference to the solar power and will use
Grid/DG power only when the solar power / battery charger is unable to meet the
load requirement.ill use Grid/DG power only when the solar power / battery charger is unable to meet the load requirement.
3)) How Many type of charge controller available in market?
There are two types of charge controller available in market PWM: Pulse Width Modulation and MPPT: Maximum Power Point Tracking
a)
PWM: Pulse Width Modulation is the most effective means to achieve
constant voltage battery charging by switching the solar system controller's power
devices. When in PWM regulation, the current from the solar array
tapers according to the battery's condition and recharging needs. The charge controller PMM will modulate the pulse to charge the Battery maximum voltage, the excess voltage coming from panel will be nullify which cause the efficiency will be reduced, the efficiency of PWM around 70%:
b)
MPPT: Maximum Power Point Tracking is algorithm that included in charge controllers used
for extracting maximum available power from PV module under certain conditions.
The voltage at which PV module can produce maximum power is called maximum
power point (or peak power voltage). The MPPT charge controller the excess voltage convert to current and hence get the maximum efficiency around 99 %
4) Difference between PWM and MPPT
|
PWM Type Solar
Controllers
|
MPPT Solar Controllers
|
|
PROS
|
|
– PWM controllers are built on
a time tested technology. They have been used for years in Solar systems, and
are well established
– These controllers are inexpensive
– PWM controllers are available in sizes up to 60
Amps
– PWM controllers are durable, most with passive
heat sink style cooling
– These controllers are
available in many sizes for a variety of applications
|
– MPPT controllers offer a potential increase in
charging efficiency up to 30%
– These controllers also offer the potential
ability to have an array with higher input voltage than the battery bank
– You can get sizes up to 80 Amps
– MPPT controller warranties are typically longer
than PWM units
– MPPT offer great flexibility for system growth
– MPPT is the only way to
regulate grid connect modules for battery charging
|
|
CONS
|
|
– The Solar input nominal voltage must match the
battery bank nominal voltage if you’re going to use PWM
– There is no single controller sized over 60
amps DC as of yet
– Many smaller PWM controller units are not UL
listed
– Many smaller PWM controller units come without
fittings for conduit
– PWM controllers have limited capacity for
system growth
– Can’t be used on higher
voltage grid connect modules
|
– MPPT controllers are
more expensive, sometimes costing twice as much as a PWM controller
– MPPT units are generally larger in physical
size
– Sizing an appropriate Solar array can be
challenging without MPPT controller manufacturer guides
– Using an MPPT
controller forces the Solar array to be comprised of like photovoltaic
modules in like strings
|
Charge controller Mistakes
General mistake while selected solar charge controller:
1) While selecting the charge controller should be properly check the voltage of charge controller against the solar panel, if solar panel nominal voltage 24 volt and your charge controller 12 volt, which cause huge loss of power, the charge controller charge your battery only 12 volts (if single battery) and remaining volts are wastage
2) Not checking the Maximum open circuit voltage (VOC) of charge controller, which leads a property damage
3) Not checking the maximum output current
4) Not checking the Maximum Battery current
5) While selecting the charge controller should be select the Amps rating required you system setup, when the solar panel Amps coming higher side and your charge controller capacity lower there is huge loss of total system, chance of fire accident.
6) Sometimes serious connection of Solar panels with different nominal voltage like 12 v and 24 v connect together with charge controller, which lead huge power
General information:
Battery Voltage detection of different types of battery
Battery Nominal voltage
Technical specification of Solar charge controller:
M/s PMM Smart Future solution – Ranipet solar product Supplier, Dealer and Distributor
( Supplied 10 KW solar power system including on grid and off grid in Ranipet District at different locations Navalpur, Ranipet, Walajapet, Arcot, Sipcot, Ammoor, Perumbulipakkam, Panapakkam etc)
Source: https://www.loomsolar.com/ ,
https://en.wikipedia.org/
Conclusion:
While selection of charge controller thoroughly check the Voltage and Current, always try to use the MPPT charge controller , which cost is higher than PWM however the life span of solar power around 30 years , with is life the cost of charge controller produce 30 % extra power, over the period of 30 years life
Note: Remaining 10 mistakes will be coming on weekly once
You can see our other topic also :
your comment and suggestion and Question, chance of my mistake learn
Comments
Post a Comment